tatpipТехника и технология пищевых производствFood Processing: Techniques and Technology2074-94142313-1748Кемеровский государственный университет10.21603/2074-9414-2024-4-2551XJGCXXtatpip-148Research ArticleСтатьиИзучение способности аккумулирования тяжелых металлов растениями в процессе рекультивации отвала угольного разрезаHeavy Metals Accumulation in Plants During Coal Mine Reclamationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4045-8054ОсинцеваМ. А.OsintsevaM. A.

Кемерово

Maria A. Osintseva

Kemerovo

k1marial@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-1372-2091ДюковаЕ. А.DyukovaE. A.

Кемерово

Evgenia A. Dyukova

Kemerovo

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9154-5238УльяноваЕ. Г.UlyanovaE. G.

Краснообск

Ekaterina G. Ulyanova

Krasnoobsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3298-2761ОсинцевА. М.OsintsevA. M.

Кемерово

Alexey M. Osintsev

Kemerovo

Кемеровский государственный университетРоссияKemerovo State UniversityRussian FederationСибирский федеральный научный центр агробиотехнологий Российской академии наукРоссияSiberian Federal Research Center for Agro-ВioTechnologies, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202419082026544897908Copyright © Осинцева М.А., Дюкова Е.А., Ульянова Е.Г., Осинцев А.М., 20262026Осинцева М.А., Дюкова Е.А., Ульянова Е.Г., Осинцев А.М.Osintseva M.A., Dyukova E.A., Ulyanova E.G., Osintsev A.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.fptt.ru/jour/article/view/148

Основным способом решения экологических проблем, возникающих в результате консервации угольных разрезов после их выработки, является рекультивация технологически измененных земель. Одна из проблем восстановления экосистемы таких земель – загрязнение почвообразующего покрова тяжелыми металлами. Возможным решением этой проблемы может стать использование фиторемедиационного потенциала растений на этапе биологической рекультивации. Цель данного исследования заключалась в изучении аккумуляционной способности высаженных на отвалах угольного разреза травянистых растений (бобовых и злаковых) по отношению к тяжелы м металлам.Объектами исследований являлись образцы грунта и высаженные на нем растения. Исследования проводились на этапе биологической рекультивации экспериментальных участков научно-технического полигона на отвале угольного разреза, расположенного в Прокопьевском районе Кемеровской области – Кузбасса. При создании полигона в 2023 г. была про- изведена закладка участков с различными вариантами формирования корнеобитаемого слоя. Физико-химические свойства проб грунта и растительного сырья определялись стандартными мет одами в аккредитованных лабораториях.На всех участках были высажены травянистые, кустарниковые и древесные растения. В ходе исследования касаются изучена аккумуляционная способность бобовых и злаковых культур. Содержание тяжелых металлов в растительном сырье в большинстве случаев не превышало максимально допустимых уровней в растительных кормах. Например, содержание свинца в абсолютно сухом веществе растительной массы колебалось в пределах 0,35–2,64 мг/кг для зла- ковых и 1,54–5,25 мг/кг для бобовых культур. Содержание кадмия для различных образцов составило 0,13–0,25 мг/кг для злаковых и 0,19–0,32 мг/кг для бобовых культур. Некоторые образцы демонстрировали заметное превышение максимально допустимого уровня содержания железа в сухом вещест ве (примерно 400 мг/кг).В целом результаты исследования продемонстрировали способность травянистых растений накапливать потенциально опасные вещества и уменьшать их концентрацию в почве.

Reclamation solves environmental problems caused by opencast coal mining. Soil contamination with heavy metals is a major problem in restoring the ecosystem of disturbed lands. Plants with good phytoremediation potential may be an optimal solution at the stage of biological reclamation. The research featured the heavy metals accumulation potential in legumes and cereals planted on coal mine dumps.The research objects included soil and plant samples from a coal mine dump near the town of Prokopyevsk, Kemerovo Region. The testing ground (2023) consisted of sections with different options for root formation. The physicochemical properties of soil samples and plant materials were determined by standard methods in accredited laboratories.The sections were planted with herbs, shrubs, and trees; the research reported in this article focused on legumes and cereals. The content of heavy metals in the plant samples stayed below the maximum permissible levels for animal feed. The lead content in plant mass solids fluctuated within 0.35–2.64 mg/kg for cereals and 1.54–5.25 mg/kg for legumes. The cadmium content was 0.13–0.25 mg/kg for cereals and 0.19–0.32 mg/kg for legumes. However, the content of iron in some samples was far above the permissible level and reached 400 mg/kg.In this study, legumes and cereals were able to accumulate potentially hazardous substances, thus reducing their concentration in post-mining soil.

Биологическая рекультивацияфиторемедиацияфитоэкстракциятяжелые металлызлаковые культурыбобовые культурыBiological reclamationphytoremediationphytoextractionheavy metal contentlegumescerealsРабота выполнена в рамках Распоряжения Правительства Российской Федерации от 11.05.2022 г. № 1144-р, комплексной научно-технической программы полного инновационного цикла «Разработка и внедрение комплекса технологий в областях разведки и добычи твердых полезных ископаемых, обеспечения промышленной безопасности, биоремедиации, создания новых продуктов глубокой переработки из угольного сырья при последовательном снижении экологической нагрузки на окружающую среду и рисков для жизни населения» («Чистый уголь – зеленый Кузбасс»), мероприятие 3.1 «Экополигон мирового уровня технологий рекультивации и ремедиации». 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.