tatpipТехника и технология пищевых производствFood Processing: Techniques and Technology2074-94142313-1748Кемеровский государственный университет10.21603/2074-9414-2026-3-2654EWZRSMtatpip-255Research ArticleСтатьиМолекулярные механизмы микробной биоминерализации: роль белковых молекулMolecular Mechanisms of Microbial Biomineralization: Protein Moleculeshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6362-7589БородинаЕ. Е.BorodinaE. E.

Бородина Екатерина Евгеньевна

Кемерово

Ekaterina E. Borodina

Kemerovo

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8508-3372КолпаковаД. Е.KolpakovaD. E.

Колпакова Дарья Евгеньевна

Кемерово

Daria E. Kolpakova

Kemerovo

kolpakova1205@mail.ruГордиенкоА. В.GordiyenkoA. V.

Гордиенко Андрей Владимирович

Кемерово

Andrey V. Gordiyenko

Kemerovo

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4085-4045ПлешивцевИ. И.PleshivtsevI. I.

Плешивцев Иван Игоревич

Кемерово

Ivan I. Pleshivtsev

Kemerovo

КарчинК. В.KarchinK. V.

Карчин Константин Валерьевич

Кемерово

Konstantin V. Karchin

Kemerovo

Кемеровский государственный университетРоссияKemerovo State UniversityRussian FederationООО «Азот-Агро»РоссияAzot-Agro LtdRussian Federation202606102026563565583Copyright © Бородина Е.Е., Колпакова Д.Е., Гордиенко А.В., Плешивцев И.И., Карчин К.В., 20262026Бородина Е.Е., Колпакова Д.Е., Гордиенко А.В., Плешивцев И.И., Карчин К.В.Borodina E.E., Kolpakova D.E., Gordiyenko A.V., Pleshivtsev I.I., Karchin K.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.fptt.ru/jour/article/view/255

Микробная биоминерализация представляет собой универсальный природный процесс образования и накопления неорганичес- ких минералов, играющий ключевую роль в биогеохимических циклах и в формировании биологических структур. Несмотря назначительный прогресс в изучении данного явления, молекулярные механизмы, опосредованные белковыми молекулами и внеклеточными полимерами, остаются недостаточно систематизированными. Цель исследования – обобщить и систематизировать имеющиеся данные о молекулярных механизмах микробной биоминерализации с акцентом на роль белковых молекул в нуклеации, росте и стабилизации минеральных фаз.Объекты исследования – научные публикации (2000–2026 гг.) по молекулярным механизмам микробной биоминерализации, включая роль белков и внеклеточных полимеров в нуклеации и росте минеральных фаз. Источники отбирали в базах Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, MDPI и PubMed с предпочтением работ последних 5–10 лет.Установлено, что биоминерализация реализуется через внутриклеточные и внеклеточные механизмы. У магнитотактических бактерий внутриклеточное образование магнетита происходит в магнитосомах и включает формирование магнитосомной мембраны, поглощение железа, его транспорт в везикулу и кристаллизацию Fe3O4. В этих процессах участвуют белки MamB, MamM, MamH и MamZ, связанные с транспортом железа; MamP, MamT, MamX и MamE, регулирующие окислительно-восстановительные реакции, а также MamC, MamD, MamF, MamG, Mms6 и MmsF, контролирующие размер и морфологию кристаллов. При внеклеточной биоминерализации клеточные поверхности и внеклеточные полимерные вещества служат центрами зарождения минералов, а кислые белки, карбоангидразы, флавопротеины и цитохромы c-типа участвуют в осаждении карбонатов, переносе электронов и восстановлении металлов.Белковые молекулы рассматриваются как ключевые регуляторы микробной биоминерализации. Они обеспечивают транспорт ионов железа и кальция, поддержание pH, перенос электронов, восстановление металлов, зарождение кристаллов и контроль их формы, размера и полиморфной модификации. Описанные механизмы находят применение в разработке биомедицинских наноматериалов, биосенсоров, технологий очистки сточных вод и восстановления минеральных строительных материалов.

Microbial biomineralization is a ubiquitous natural process involving the formation and accumulation of inorganic minerals. It plays a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles and the development of biological structures. Despite recent progress in studying this phenomenon, the underlying molecular mechanisms mediated by proteins and extracellular polymers remain insufficiently systematized. This study reviews and synthesizes existing data on the molecular mechanisms of microbial biomineralization, with an emphasis on the role of proteins in the nucleation, growth, and stabilization of mineral phases.The research material comprises peer-reviewed publications indexed in Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, MDPI, and PubMed from 2000 to 2026. The literature search focused on the molecular mechanisms of microbial biomineralization, including the effects of proteins and extracellular polymers on mineral phase nucleation and growth.Biomineralization occurs via both intracellular and extracellular pathways. In magnetotactic bacteria, intracellular magnetite formation takes place within magnetosomes; this process encompasses magnetosomal membrane development, iron uptake, intra-vesicular transport, and Fe3O4 crystallization. These processes involve specific proteins: MamB, MamM, MamH, and MamZ are responsible for iron transport; MamP, MamT, MamX, and MamE regulate redox reactions; while MamC, MamD, MamF, MamG, Mms6, and MmsF control crystal size and morphology. During extracellular biomineralization, cell surfaces and extracellular polymeric substances serve as mineral nucleation sites, whereas acidic proteins, carbonic anhydrases, flavoproteins, and c-type cytochromes participate in carbonate precipitation, electron transfer, and metal reduction.Proteins serve as key regulators of microbial biomineralization by driving ion transport (iron and calcium), pH maintenance, electron transfer, metal reduction, and crystal nucleation, while also controlling crystal shape, size, and polymorphism. These mechanisms find practical application in biomedical nanomaterials, biosensors, wastewater treatment, and the restoration of mineral-based building materials.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.