Technological Modes for Pine Nut Oil: Preserving Quality and Biological Value

Siberian cedar pine (Pinus sibirica) seeds are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols, and minerals. Pine nut oil possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties, making it a valuable functional food component. However, production methods are often chosen empirically without considering their impact on biologically active components. This study substantiates rational process parameters for the cold and hot pressing of Siberian pine nut oil and evaluates their impact on key quality indicators and the biological value of the finished product.
The research featured Siberian pine nut kernels harvested in 2024 (Kedr Export LLC, Kemerovo, Russia) complying with State Standard GOST 31852–2012. The experiment examined the effects of temperature (10–35°C for cold pressing, 60–85°C for hot pressing), pressure (20–200 kg/cm²), and processing time (5–40 min) on the yield of lipids, vitamin E, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium, as well as standard quality parameters (moisture, acidity, peroxide, and iodine values). The analytical methods included gravimetric analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. All measurements were performed in triplicate and subjected to statistical analysis using Student’s t-test (p ≤ 0.05).The optimal conditions were established as follows: cold pressing – 20°C, 160 kg/cm², 20 min; hot pressing – 75°C, 140 kg/cm², 20 min. Cold-pressed oil demonstrated higher levels of vitamin E, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium, alongside a lower moisture content and lower peroxide and acidity values, indicating better preservation of bioactive components. Hot pressing provided a significantly higher lipid yield with a slight decrease in these parameters. Both samples exceeded their commercial counterparts in key nutrient content.
The developed methods ensured the production of high-quality cedar oil. Cold pressing demonstrated more effective preservation of bioactive substances, while hot pressing increased the yield.

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