Оценка антагонистических свойств представителей рода Pantoea в отношении фитопатогенов сельскохозяйственных культур

Грибы рода Fusarium выступают основными возбудителями заболеваний злаковых культур, продуцируя фито- и микотоксины, снижающие урожайность и качество зерна. В связи с этим актуальным направлением является поиск эффективных агентов биологического контроля среди растительно-ассоциированных бактерий. Цель исследования – оценить антагонистическую и ростостимулирующую активность штаммов Pantoea agglomerans B-14726, P. vagans B-14727 и P. pleuroti B-14756 в отно- шении фитопатогенных грибов рода Fusarium и их способность снижать токсическое воздействие патогенов на злаковые  культуры.
Объекты исследования – штаммы бактерий, депонированные в Национальном биоресурсном центре Всероссийской коллекции промышленных микроорганизмов НИЦ «Курчатовский институт» (Москва, Россия): P. agglomerans B-14726,  P. vagans B-14727 и P. pleuroti B-14756. Антагонистическую активность оценивали в отношении Fusarium culmorum,  F. poae, а также штамма, идентифицированного как представитель F. tricinctum species complex. Анализ проводили мето- дом лунок и совместного культивирования; оценивали антагонистическую активность летучих органических соединений. Также изучено влияние штаммов Pantoea на прорастание семян при инфицировании фитопатогенами.
Установлено, что все исследуемые штаммы проявили антагонистическую активность в отношении фитопатогенов рода Fusarium.  Выраженную эффективность показал штамм P. vagans B-14727, обеспечивший максимальное подавление роста представителя комплекса видов F. tricinctum при совместном культивировании (68,8 %) и максимальные зоны ингибирования методом лунок (до 6,0 см). Штамм P. agglomerans B-14726 характеризовался стабильной антифунгальной активностью и эффективным подавлением роста фитопатогенов летучими метаболитами. P. pleuroti B-14756 проявил выраженный защитный эффект  при совместном культивировании и способствовал повышению всхожести семян в условиях заражения. Наиболее чувствительным фитопатогеном оказался представитель F. tricinctum, наименее чувствительным – F. culmorum.
Изученные штаммы рода Pantoea обладают выраженным биоконтрольным и ростостимулирующим потенциалом и могут  рассматриваться в качестве перспективной основы биологических препаратов для защиты злаковых культур от фузариозной инфекции.

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